programming-examples/java/Data_Structures/ContractionHierarchies.java
2019-11-15 12:59:38 +01:00

555 lines
16 KiB
Java

import java.util.*;
/**
* @author Andrey Naumenko
*/
public class ContractionHierarchies {
public static class LayerGraph implements Cloneable {
final int nodes;
int edges = 0;
final int[] levels;
final int[] firstEdge;
final int[] secondEdge;
final int[] len;
final int[] u;
final int[] v;
final int[][] tail;
final int[][] prev;
public LayerGraph(int nodes, int maxEdges) {
this.nodes = nodes;
levels = new int[nodes];
firstEdge = new int[maxEdges];
secondEdge = new int[maxEdges];
len = new int[maxEdges];
u = new int[maxEdges];
v = new int[maxEdges];
tail = new int[][]{new int[nodes], new int[nodes]};
prev = new int[][]{new int[maxEdges], new int[maxEdges]};
Arrays.fill(tail[0], -1);
Arrays.fill(tail[1], -1);
Arrays.fill(prev[0], -1);
Arrays.fill(prev[1], -1);
Arrays.fill(firstEdge, -1);
Arrays.fill(secondEdge, -1);
}
public int addEdge(int s, int t, int len) {
for (int edge = tail[0][s]; edge != -1; edge = prev[0][edge]) {
if (v[edge] == t) {
this.len[edge] = Math.min(this.len[edge], len);
return edge;
}
}
this.len[edges] = len;
u[edges] = s;
v[edges] = t;
// outgoing arc
prev[0][edges] = tail[0][s];
tail[0][s] = edges;
// incoming arc
prev[1][edges] = tail[1][t];
tail[1][t] = edges;
return edges++;
}
@Override
public Object clone() {
LayerGraph g = new LayerGraph(nodes, len.length);
g.edges = edges;
int[][] arrays1 = {levels, firstEdge, secondEdge, len, u, v, tail[0], tail[1], prev[0], prev[1]};
int[][] arrays2 = {g.levels, g.firstEdge, g.secondEdge, g.len, g.u, g.v, g.tail[0], g.tail[1], g.prev[0], g.prev[1]};
for (int i = 0; i < arrays1.length; i++) {
System.arraycopy(arrays1[i], 0, arrays2[i], 0, arrays2[i].length);
}
return g;
}
public LayerGraph compact() {
LayerGraph g = new LayerGraph(nodes, edges);
g.edges = edges;
System.arraycopy(levels, 0, g.levels, 0, g.levels.length);
System.arraycopy(len, 0, g.len, 0, edges);
System.arraycopy(firstEdge, 0, g.firstEdge, 0, edges);
System.arraycopy(secondEdge, 0, g.secondEdge, 0, edges);
for (int i = 0; i < nodes; i++) {
for (int dir = 0; dir < 2; dir++) {
for (int edge = tail[dir][i]; edge != -1; edge = prev[dir][edge]) {
int u = this.u[edge];
int v = this.v[edge];
if (dir == 0 && levels[u] > levels[v] || dir == 1 && levels[u] < levels[v])
continue;
g.u[edge] = u;
g.v[edge] = v;
g.prev[dir][edge] = g.tail[dir][dir == 0 ? u : v];
g.tail[dir][dir == 0 ? u : v] = edge;
}
}
}
return g;
}
}
private static List<Integer> findWitness(LayerGraph g, int s, int forbidden, int[] prio, boolean[] targets, int targetCount, int[] hops, int upperBound) {
hops[s] = 0;
PriorityQueue<Long> q = new PriorityQueue<>();
q.add((long) s);
prio[s] = 0;
List<Integer> visited = new ArrayList<>();
visited.add(s);
while (!q.isEmpty()) {
long cur = q.remove();
int u = (int) cur;
int priou = prio[u];
if (priou >= upperBound)
break;
if (cur >>> 32 != priou)
continue;
if (targets[u]) {
targets[u] = false;
if (--targetCount == 0)
break;
}
if (hops[u] == 8)
continue;
for (int edge = g.tail[0][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[0][edge]) {
int v = g.v[edge];
if (g.levels[v] < g.levels[forbidden] || v == forbidden)
continue;
int nprio = priou + g.len[edge];
if (prio[v] > nprio) {
prio[v] = nprio;
visited.add(v);
hops[v] = hops[u] + 1;
q.add(((long) nprio << 32) | v);
}
}
}
return visited;
}
private static class ShortcutsInfo {
final int shortcuts;
final int originalEdges;
ShortcutsInfo(int shortcuts, int originalEdges) {
this.shortcuts = shortcuts;
this.originalEdges = originalEdges;
}
}
private static ShortcutsInfo addShortcuts(LayerGraph g, int v, boolean realRun, int[] prio, boolean[] targets, int[] hops, int[] degree, int[] originalEdges) {
int shortcuts = 0;
int totalOriginalEdges = 0;
for (int uv = g.tail[1][v]; uv != -1; uv = g.prev[1][uv]) {
int u = g.u[uv];
if (g.levels[u] < g.levels[v])
continue;
int maxLenVW = 0;
int targetCount = 0;
for (int vw = g.tail[0][v]; vw != -1; vw = g.prev[0][vw]) {
int w = g.v[vw];
if (g.levels[w] < g.levels[v] || u == w)
continue;
if (!targets[w]) {
targets[w] = true;
++targetCount;
}
maxLenVW = Math.max(maxLenVW, g.len[vw]);
}
List<Integer> visited = findWitness(g, u, v, prio, targets, targetCount, hops, g.len[uv] + maxLenVW);
// edge reduction
// for (int ux = g.tail[0][u]; ux != -1; ux = g.prev[0][ux]) {
// int x = g.v[ux];
// int distux = prio[x];
// if (g.len[ux] > distux && realRun)
// ++reduction;
// }
for (int vw = g.tail[0][v]; vw != -1; vw = g.prev[0][vw]) {
int w = g.v[vw];
if (g.levels[w] < g.levels[v] || u == w)
continue;
targets[w] = false;
int distuw = prio[w];
if (distuw > g.len[uv] + g.len[vw]) {
++shortcuts;
totalOriginalEdges += originalEdges[uv] + originalEdges[vw];
if (realRun) {
int edge = g.addEdge(u, w, g.len[uv] + g.len[vw]);
originalEdges[edge] = originalEdges[uv] + originalEdges[vw];
++degree[u];
++degree[w];
g.firstEdge[edge] = uv;
g.secondEdge[edge] = vw;
}
}
}
for (int x : visited) {
prio[x] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
hops[x] = 0;
}
}
return new ShortcutsInfo(shortcuts, totalOriginalEdges);
}
private static int calcPriority(LayerGraph g, int v, int[] prio, boolean[] targets, int[] hops, int[] degree, int[] originalEdges) {
ShortcutsInfo shortcutsInfo = addShortcuts(g, v, false, prio, targets, hops, degree, originalEdges);
int edgeDifference = shortcutsInfo.shortcuts - degree[v];
int contractedNeighbors = 0;
for (int vw = g.tail[0][v]; vw != -1; vw = g.prev[0][vw])
if (g.levels[g.v[vw]] != Integer.MAX_VALUE)
++contractedNeighbors;
for (int uv = g.tail[1][v]; uv != -1; uv = g.prev[1][uv])
if (g.levels[g.u[uv]] != Integer.MAX_VALUE)
++contractedNeighbors;
return 40 * edgeDifference + 60 * shortcutsInfo.originalEdges + 2 * contractedNeighbors;
}
public static LayerGraph preprocess(LayerGraph origGraph) {
LayerGraph g = (LayerGraph) origGraph.clone();
PriorityQueue<Long> priorities = new PriorityQueue<>();
int[] hops = new int[g.nodes];
boolean[] targets = new boolean[g.nodes];
int[] prio = new int[g.nodes];
Arrays.fill(prio, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
int[] degree = new int[g.nodes];
for (int e = 0; e < g.edges; e++) {
++degree[g.u[e]];
++degree[g.v[e]];
}
int[] originalEdges = new int[g.len.length];
Arrays.fill(originalEdges, 0, g.edges, 1);
for (int v = 0; v < g.nodes; v++)
priorities.add(((long) calcPriority(g, v, prio, targets, hops, degree, originalEdges) << 32) | v);
Arrays.fill(g.levels, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
for (int i = 0; i < g.nodes - 2; i++) {
while (g.levels[priorities.peek().intValue()] != Integer.MAX_VALUE) priorities.remove();
int v = priorities.remove().intValue();
int priority = calcPriority(g, v, prio, targets, hops, degree, originalEdges);
while (g.levels[priorities.peek().intValue()] != Integer.MAX_VALUE) priorities.remove();
if (priority > priorities.peek() >>> 32) {
priorities.add(((long) priority << 32) | v);
--i;
continue;
}
g.levels[v] = i;
addShortcuts(g, v, true, prio, targets, hops, degree, originalEdges);
for (int edge = g.tail[0][v]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[0][edge]) {
int w = g.v[edge];
if (g.levels[w] == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
priorities.add(((long) calcPriority(g, w, prio, targets, hops, degree, originalEdges) << 32) | w);
}
for (int edge = g.tail[1][v]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[1][edge]) {
int u = g.u[edge];
if (g.levels[u] == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
priorities.add(((long) calcPriority(g, u, prio, targets, hops, degree, originalEdges) << 32) | u);
}
}
// System.out.println(reduction);
return g;
}
private static List<Integer> extractEdges(LayerGraph g, int edge) {
if (g.firstEdge[edge] == -1) // edge is not a shortcut
return Collections.singletonList(edge);
List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
res.addAll(extractEdges(g, g.firstEdge[edge]));
res.addAll(extractEdges(g, g.secondEdge[edge]));
return res;
}
private static List<Integer> buildPath(LayerGraph g, int[][] pred, int top) {
List<Integer> path = new ArrayList<>();
for (int edge0 = pred[0][top]; edge0 != -1; edge0 = pred[0][g.u[edge0]]) {
List<Integer> p = extractEdges(g, edge0);
Collections.reverse(p);
path.addAll(p);
}
Collections.reverse(path);
for (int edge1 = pred[1][top]; edge1 != -1; edge1 = pred[1][g.v[edge1]])
path.addAll(extractEdges(g, edge1));
return path;
}
public static class PathInfo {
public final int len;
public final List<Integer> edges;
public PathInfo(int len, List<Integer> edges) {
this.len = len;
this.edges = edges;
}
}
public static PathInfo shortestPath(LayerGraph g, int s, int t) {
int[][] prio = {new int[g.nodes], new int[g.nodes]};
Arrays.fill(prio[0], Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2);
Arrays.fill(prio[1], Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2);
prio[0][s] = 0;
prio[1][t] = 0;
int[][] pred = {new int[g.nodes], new int[g.nodes]};
Arrays.fill(pred[0], -1);
Arrays.fill(pred[1], -1);
PriorityQueue<Long>[] q = new PriorityQueue[]{new PriorityQueue<Long>(), new PriorityQueue<Long>()};
q[0].add((long) s);
q[1].add((long) t);
int res = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1;
int top = -1;
m1:
for (int dir = 0; ; dir = !q[1 - dir].isEmpty() ? 1 - dir : dir) {
if (res <= Math.min(q[0].isEmpty() ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int) (q[0].peek() >>> 32), q[1].isEmpty() ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : (int) (q[1].peek() >>> 32)))
break;
long cur = q[dir].remove();
int u = (int) cur;
if (cur >>> 32 != prio[dir][u])
continue;
// stall-on-demand
for (int edge = g.tail[1 - dir][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[1 - dir][edge])
if (prio[dir][u] > prio[dir][dir == 0 ? g.u[edge] : g.v[edge]] + g.len[edge])
continue m1;
int curLen = prio[dir][u] + prio[1 - dir][u];
if (res > curLen) {
res = curLen;
top = u;
}
for (int edge = g.tail[dir][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[dir][edge]) {
int v = dir == 0 ? g.v[edge] : g.u[edge];
if (g.levels[v] < g.levels[u])
continue;
int nprio = prio[dir][u] + g.len[edge];
if (prio[dir][v] > nprio) {
prio[dir][v] = nprio;
pred[dir][v] = edge;
q[dir].add(((long) nprio << 32) | v);
}
}
}
return new PathInfo(res, buildPath(g, pred, top));
}
public static int[][] manyToMany(LayerGraph g, int[] s, int[] t) {
List<Long> bucketLists[] = new List[g.nodes];
int[] prio = new int[g.nodes];
Arrays.fill(prio, Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2);
for (int i = 0; i < t.length; i++) {
int target = t[i];
prio[target] = 0;
List<Integer> visited = new ArrayList<Integer>();
visited.add(target);
PriorityQueue<Long> q = new PriorityQueue<Long>();
q.add((long) target);
m1:
while (!q.isEmpty()) {
long cur = q.remove();
int u = (int) cur;
int priou = prio[u];
if (cur >>> 32 != priou)
continue;
// stall-on-demand
for (int edge = g.tail[0][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[0][edge])
if (prio[u] > prio[g.v[edge]] + g.len[edge])
continue m1;
if (bucketLists[u] == null)
bucketLists[u] = new ArrayList<Long>(1);
bucketLists[u].add(((long) priou << 32) | i);
for (int edge = g.tail[1][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[1][edge]) {
int v = g.u[edge];
// if (g.levels[v] < g.levels[u])
// continue;
int nprio = priou + g.len[edge];
if (prio[v] > nprio) {
prio[v] = nprio;
visited.add(v);
q.add(((long) nprio << 32) | v);
}
}
}
for (int v : visited) {
prio[v] = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2;
}
}
int[][] d = new int[s.length][t.length];
long[][] buckets = new long[g.nodes][];
for (int i = 0; i < g.nodes; i++) {
int cnt = bucketLists[i] == null ? 0 : bucketLists[i].size();
buckets[i] = new long[cnt];
for (int j = 0; j < cnt; j++)
buckets[i][j] = bucketLists[i].get(j);
}
for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
int source = s[i];
Arrays.fill(d[i], Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
prio[source] = 0;
List<Integer> visited = new ArrayList<Integer>();
visited.add(source);
PriorityQueue<Long> q = new PriorityQueue<Long>();
q.add((long) source);
m1:
while (!q.isEmpty()) {
long cur = q.remove();
int u = (int) cur;
int priou = prio[u];
if (cur >>> 32 != priou)
continue;
// stall-on-demand
for (int edge = g.tail[1][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[1][edge])
if (prio[u] > prio[g.u[edge]] + g.len[edge])
continue m1;
for (long x : buckets[u]) {
int j = (int) x;
int priov = (int) (x >>> 32);
d[i][j] = Math.min(d[i][j], priou + priov);
}
for (int edge = g.tail[0][u]; edge != -1; edge = g.prev[0][edge]) {
int v = g.v[edge];
// if (g.levels[v] < g.levels[u])
// continue;
int nprio = priou + g.len[edge];
if (prio[v] > nprio) {
prio[v] = nprio;
visited.add(v);
q.add(((long) nprio << 32) | v);
}
}
}
for (int v : visited) {
prio[v] = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2;
}
}
return d;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
Random rnd = new Random(1);
int totalShortcuts = 0;
for (int step = 0; step < 100; step++) {
int V = rnd.nextInt(100) + 2;
// int E = V == 1 ? 0 : V + rnd.nextInt(V * (V - 1) - V + 1);
int E = Math.max(V, Math.min(V * (V - 1), 5 * V));
int[][] d = generateStronglyConnectedDigraph(V, E, rnd);
LayerGraph origGraph = new LayerGraph(V, 100000);
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < V; j++) {
if (i != j && d[i][j] != Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2) {
origGraph.addEdge(i, j, d[i][j]);
}
}
}
if (origGraph.edges > E) throw new RuntimeException(E + " " + origGraph.edges);
for (int k = 0; k < V; k++)
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
d[i][j] = Math.min(d[i][j], d[i][k] + d[k][j]);
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
for (int j = 0; j < V; j++)
if (d[i][j] == Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2) throw new RuntimeException();
long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
LayerGraph g = preprocess(origGraph);
// System.out.println("1 " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time1));
int shortcuts = g.edges - origGraph.edges;
totalShortcuts += shortcuts;
System.out.println("edges = " + origGraph.edges + " shortcuts = " + shortcuts + " nodes = " + g.nodes);
int[] vertices = new int[V];
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) vertices[i] = i;
time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
int[][] d2 = manyToMany(g.compact(), vertices, vertices);
// System.out.println("2 " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time1));
for (int step1 = 0; step1 < 10; step1++) {
int a = rnd.nextInt(V);
int b = rnd.nextInt(V);
int res3 = d2[a][b];
PathInfo pathInfo = shortestPath(g, a, b);
int res0 = 0;
int prev = -1;
for (int edge : pathInfo.edges) {
res0 += g.len[edge];
if (prev != -1 && prev != g.u[edge]) throw new RuntimeException();
prev = g.v[edge];
}
int res1 = pathInfo.len;
int res2 = d[a][b];
if (res0 != res1 || res0 != res2 || res0 != res3)
throw new RuntimeException(res0 + " " + res1 + " " + res2 + " " + res3);
}
}
System.out.println("totalShortcuts = " + totalShortcuts);
System.out.println("time = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time));
}
static void debug(LayerGraph g) {
for (int edge = 0; edge < g.edges; edge++)
System.out.println("(" + g.u[edge] + "," + g.v[edge] + ") = " + g.len[edge]);
}
static int[][] generateStronglyConnectedDigraph(int V, int upperBoundE, Random rnd) {
if (upperBoundE == 0) return new int[][]{{0}};
List<Integer> p = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
p.add(i);
while (p.size() < upperBoundE)
p.add(rnd.nextInt(V));
Collections.shuffle(p, rnd);
for (int i = 0; i < p.size(); i++) {
int a = p.get((i + p.size() - 1) % p.size());
int b = p.get(i);
int c = p.get((i + 1) % p.size());
while (b == a || b == c)
b = (b + 1) % V;
p.set(i, b);
}
int[][] d = new int[V][V];
for (int i = 0; i < V; i++) {
Arrays.fill(d[i], Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2);
d[i][i] = 0;
}
for (int i = 0; i < p.size(); i++) {
int a = p.get(i);
int b = p.get((i + 1) % p.size());
d[a][b] = rnd.nextInt(10);
}
return d;
}
}