programming-examples/java/Computer_Graphics/ScalingExample.java

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;

/**
* A rectangle is scaled by the factor 2 in the x-direction and
* by the factor 0.5 in the y-direction. The drawing is carried out
* w.r.t. standard coordinates, not w.r.t. window coordinates.
*
* @author Frank Klawonn
* Last change 07.01.2005
*/
public class ScalingExample extends Frame
{
    private int windowHeight;

    /**
    * Constructor
    *
    * @param height  The window height.
    */
    ScalingExample(int height)
    {
        //Enables the closing of the window.
        addWindowListener(new MyFinishWindow());
        windowHeight = height;
    }


    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
        /*yUp defines a translation allowing the specification of objects in "real"
          coordinates where the y-axis points upwards and the origin of the coordinate
          system is located in the lower left corner of the window.
        */
        AffineTransform yUp = new AffineTransform();
        yUp.setToScale(1,-1);
        AffineTransform translate = new AffineTransform();
        translate.setToTranslation(40,windowHeight-50);
        yUp.preConcatenate(translate);
        //Apply the transformation to the Graphics2D object to draw everything
        //in "real" coordinates.
        g2d.transform(yUp);
        //The lines should have a thickness of 3.0 instead of 1.0.
        g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3.0f));
        //Generate and draw a rectangle which will be scaled later on.
        Rectangle2D.Double rect = new Rectangle2D.Double(80,120,100,60);
        g2d.draw(rect);
        //Define a scaling.
        AffineTransform scaling = new AffineTransform();
        scaling.setToScale(2,0.5);
        //Draw the rotated rectangle with dashed lines.
        g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3.0f,BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,
                                      BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL,8.0f,
                                      new float[] {50.0f, 10.0f},4.0f));
        g2d.draw(scaling.createTransformedShape(rect));
        g2d.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.0f));
        //Draw a coordinate system.
        drawSimpleCoordinateSystem(400,200,g2d);
    }


    /**
    * Draws a coordinate system.
    *
    * @param xmax     x-coordinate to which the x-axis should extend.
    * @param ymax     y-coordinate to which the y-axis should extend.
    * @param g2d      Graphics2D object for drawing.
    */
    public static void drawSimpleCoordinateSystem(int xmax, int ymax,
            Graphics2D g2d)
    {
        int xOffset = 0;
        int yOffset = 0;
        int step = 20;
        String s;
        //Remember the actual font.
        Font fo = g2d.getFont();
        //Use a small font.
        int fontSize = 13;
        Font fontCoordSys = new Font("serif",Font.PLAIN,fontSize);
        /*
          Unfortunately, the transformation yUp applied to the Graphics2D object
          will cause the letters to occur upside down. Therefore, generate an
          upside down font which will appear correctly when drawn upside down.
        */
        //To make the font upside down, a reflection w.r.t. the x-axis is needed.
        AffineTransform flip = new AffineTransform();
        flip.setToScale(1,-1);
        //Shift the font back to the baseline after reflection.
        AffineTransform lift = new AffineTransform();
        lift.setToTranslation(0,fontSize);
        flip.preConcatenate(lift);
        //Generate the font with the letters upside down.
        Font fontUpsideDown = fontCoordSys.deriveFont(flip);
        g2d.setFont(fontUpsideDown);
        //x-axis
        g2d.drawLine(xOffset,yOffset,xmax,yOffset);
        //Marks and labels for the x-axis.
        for (int i=xOffset+step; i<=xmax; i=i+step)
            {
                g2d.drawLine(i,yOffset-2,i,yOffset+2);
                g2d.drawString(String.valueOf(i),i-7,yOffset-30);
            }
        //y-axis
        g2d.drawLine(xOffset,yOffset,xOffset,ymax);
        //Marks and labels for the y-axis.
        s="  "; //for indention of numbers < 100
        for (int i=yOffset+step; i<=ymax; i=i+step)
            {
                g2d.drawLine(xOffset-2,i,xOffset+2,i);
                if (i>99)
                    {
                        s="";
                    }
                g2d.drawString(s+String.valueOf(i),xOffset-25,i-20);
            }
        //Reset to the original font.
        g2d.setFont(fo);
    }



    public static void main(String[] argv)
    {
        int height = 300;
        ScalingExample f = new ScalingExample(height);
        f.setTitle("Example: scaling");
        f.setSize(500,height);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}