programming-examples/java/Numerical_Problems/Java Program to Optimize Wire Length in Electrical Circuit.java

/*
This is a java program to find the optimized wire length between any two components in an electric circuits.
This problem is similar to the problem of finding the shortest path between any two cities in the state.
A simple Dijkstra’s algorithm would result in providing the shortest wire length between any two components in electric circuits.
*/

//This is a sample program to find the minimum wire length between two component in a electrical circuits
import java.util.*;
class Node
{
    public int label; // this node's label (parent node in path tree)
    public int weight; // weight of edge to this node (distance to start)

    public Node(int v, int w)
    {
        label = v;
        weight = w;
    }
}

public class ShortestPath
{
    public static Scanner in; // for standard input
    public static int n, m; // n = #vertices, m = #edges
    public static LinkedList[] graph; // adjacency list representation
    public static int start, end; // start and end points for shortest path

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        in = new Scanner(System.in);
        // Input the graph:
        System.out
        .println("Enter the number of components and wires in a circuit:");
        n = in.nextInt();
        m = in.nextInt();
        // Initialize adjacency list structure to empty lists:
        graph = new LinkedList[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            graph[i] = new LinkedList();
        // Add each edge twice, once for each endpoint:
        System.out
        .println("Mention the wire between components and its length:");
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
            {
                int v1 = in.nextInt();
                int v2 = in.nextInt();
                int w = in.nextInt();
                graph[v1].add(new Node(v2, w));
                graph[v2].add(new Node(v1, w));
            }
        // Input starting and ending vertices:
        System.out
        .println("Enter the start and end for which length is to be minimized: ");
        start = in.nextInt();
        end = in.nextInt();
        // FOR DEBUGGING ONLY:
        displayGraph();
        // Print shortest path from start to end:
        shortest();
    }

    public static void shortest()
    {
        boolean[] done = new boolean[n];
        Node[] table = new Node[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            table[i] = new Node(-1, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        table[start].weight = 0;
        for (int count = 0; count < n; count++)
            {
                int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                int minNode = -1;
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                    if (!done[i] && table[i].weight < min)
                        {
                            min = table[i].weight;
                            minNode = i;
                        }
                done[minNode] = true;
                ListIterator iter = graph[minNode].listIterator();
                while (iter.hasNext())
                    {
                        Node nd = (Node) iter.next();
                        int v = nd.label;
                        int w = nd.weight;
                        if (!done[v] && table[minNode].weight + w < table[v].weight)
                            {
                                table[v].weight = table[minNode].weight + w;
                                table[v].label = minNode;
                            }
                    }
            }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                if (table[i].weight < Integer.MAX_VALUE)
                    {
                        System.out.print("Wire from " + i + " to " + start
                                         + " with length " + table[i].weight + ": ");
                        int next = table[i].label;
                        while (next >= 0)
                            {
                                System.out.print(next + " ");
                                next = table[next].label;
                            }
                        System.out.println();
                    }
                else
                    System.out.println("No wire from " + i + " to " + start);
            }
    }

    public static void displayGraph()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            {
                System.out.print(i + ": ");
                ListIterator nbrs = graph[i].listIterator(0);
                while (nbrs.hasNext())
                    {
                        Node nd = (Node) nbrs.next();
                        System.out.print(nd.label + "(" + nd.weight + ") ");
                    }
                System.out.println();
            }
    }
}

/*
Enter the number of components and wires in a circuit:
4 3
Mention the wire between components and its length:
0 1 2
1 3 3
1 2 2
Enter the start and end for which length is to be minimized:
0 1
0: 1(2)
1: 0(2) 3(3) 2(2)
2: 1(2)
3: 1(3)
Wire from 0 to 0 with length 0:
Wire from 1 to 0 with length 2: 0
Wire from 2 to 0 with length 4: 1 0
Wire from 3 to 0 with length 5: 1 0