import edu.princeton.cs.introcs.In;
import edu.princeton.cs.introcs.StdOut;

/*************************************************************************
 *  Compilation:  javac DirectedDFS.java
 *  Execution:    java DirectedDFS V E
 *  Dependencies: Digraph.java Bag.java In.java StdOut.java
 *  Data files:   http://www.cs.princeton.edu/algs4/42directed/tinyDG.txt
 *
 *  Determine single-source or multiple-source reachability in a digraph
 *  using depth first search.
 *  Runs in O(E + V) time.
 *
 *  % java DirectedDFS tinyDG.txt 1
 *  1
 *
 *  % java DirectedDFS tinyDG.txt 2
 *  0 1 2 3 4 5
 *
 *  % java DirectedDFS tinyDG.txt 1 2 6
 *  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 
 *
 *************************************************************************/
/**
 *  The  DirectedDFS  class represents a data type for 
 *  determining the vertices reachable from a given source vertex  s 
 *  (or set of source vertices) in a digraph. For versions that find the paths,
 *  see {@link DepthFirstDirectedPaths} and {@link BreadthFirstDirectedPaths}.
 *   
 *  This implementation uses depth-first search.
 *  The constructor takes time proportional to  V  +  E 
 *  (in the worst case),
 *  where  V  is the number of vertices and  E  is the number of edges.
 *   
 *  For additional documentation, see <a href="/algs4/41graph">Section 4.1</a> of
 *   Algorithms, 4th Edition  by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
 *
 *  @author Robert Sedgewick
 *  @author Kevin Wayne
 */
public class DirectedDFS {
    private boolean[] marked;  // marked[v] = true if v is reachable
                               // from source (or sources)
    private int count;         // number of vertices reachable from s

    /**
     * Computes the vertices in digraph  G  that are
     * reachable from the source vertex  s .
     * @param G the digraph
     * @param s the source vertex
     */
    public DirectedDFS(Digraph G, int s) {
        marked = new boolean[G.V()];
        dfs(G, s);
    }

    /**
     * Computes the vertices in digraph  G  that are
     * connected to any of the source vertices  sources .
     * @param G the graph
     * @param sources the source vertices
     */
    public DirectedDFS(Digraph G, Iterable<Integer> sources) {
        marked = new boolean[G.V()];
        for (int v : sources) {
            if (!marked[v]) dfs(G, v);
        }
    }

    private void dfs(Digraph G, int v) { 
        count++;
        marked[v] = true;
        for (int w : G.adj(v)) {
            if (!marked[w]) dfs(G, w);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Is there a directed path from the source vertex (or any
     * of the source vertices) and vertex  v ?
     * @param v the vertex
     * @return  true  if there is a directed path,  false  otherwise
     */
    public boolean marked(int v) {
        return marked[v];
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of vertices reachable from the source vertex
     * (or source vertices).
     * @return the number of vertices reachable from the source vertex
     *   (or source vertices)
     */
    public int count() {
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Unit tests the  DirectedDFS  data type.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // read in digraph from command-line argument
        In in = new In(args[0]);
        Digraph G = new Digraph(in);

        // read in sources from command-line arguments
        Bag<Integer> sources = new Bag<Integer>();
        for (int i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
            int s = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
            sources.add(s);
        }

        // multiple-source reachability
        DirectedDFS dfs = new DirectedDFS(G, sources);

        // print out vertices reachable from sources
        for (int v = 0; v < G.V(); v++) {
            if (dfs.marked(v)) StdOut.print(v + " ");
        }
        StdOut.println();
    }

}