import edu.princeton.cs.introcs.StdOut;

/*************************************************************************
 *  Compilation:  javac Date.java
 *  Execution:    java Date
 *
 *  An immutable data type for dates.
 *
 *************************************************************************/

/**
 *  The  Date  class is an immutable data type to encapsulate a
 *  date (day, month, and year).
 *   
 *  For additional documentation, see <a href="/algs4/12oop">Section 1.2</a> of
 *   Algorithms, 4th Edition  by Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne.
 *
 *  @author Robert Sedgewick
 *  @author Kevin Wayne
 */
public class Date implements Comparable<Date> {
    private static final int[] DAYS = { 0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 };

    private final int month;   // month (between 1 and 12)
    private final int day;     // day   (between 1 and DAYS[month]
    private final int year;    // year

   /**
     * Initializes a new date from the month, day, and year.
     * @param month the month (between 1 and 12)
     * @param day the day (between 1 and 28-31, depending on the month)
     * @param year the year
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is invalid
     */
    public Date(int month, int day, int year) {
        if (!isValid(month, day, year)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid date");
        this.month = month;
        this.day   = day;
        this.year  = year;
    }

    /**
     * Initializes new date specified as a string in form MM/DD/YYYY.
     * @param date the string representation of the date
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the date is invalid
     */
    public Date(String date) {
        String[] fields = date.split("/");
        if (fields.length != 3) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid date");
        }
        month = Integer.parseInt(fields[0]);
        day   = Integer.parseInt(fields[1]);
        year  = Integer.parseInt(fields[2]);
        if (!isValid(month, day, year)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid date");
    }

    /**
     * Return the month.
     * @return the month (an integer between 1 and 12)
     */
    public int month() {
        return month;
    }

    /**
     * Return the day.
     * @return the day (an integer between 1 and 31)
     */
    public int day() {
        return day;
    }

    /**
     * Return the year.
     * @return the year
     */
    public int year() {
        return year;
    }


    // is the given date valid?
    private static boolean isValid(int m, int d, int y) {
        if (m < 1 || m > 12)      return false;
        if (d < 1 || d > DAYS[m]) return false;
        if (m == 2 && d == 29 && !isLeapYear(y)) return false;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Is year y a leap year?
     * @return true if y is a leap year; false otherwise
     */
    private static boolean isLeapYear(int y) {
        if (y % 400 == 0) return true;
        if (y % 100 == 0) return false;
        return y % 4 == 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the next date in the calendar.
     * @return a date that represents the next day after this day
     */
    public Date next() {
        if (isValid(month, day + 1, year))    return new Date(month, day + 1, year);
        else if (isValid(month + 1, 1, year)) return new Date(month + 1, 1, year);
        else                                  return new Date(1, 1, year + 1);
    }

    /**
     * Is this date after b?
     * @return true if this date is after date b; false otherwise
     */
    public boolean isAfter(Date b) {
        return compareTo(b) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Is this date before b?
     * @return true if this date is before date b; false otherwise
     */
    public boolean isBefore(Date b) {
        return compareTo(b) < 0;
    }

    /**
     * Compare this date to that date.
     * @return { a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer }, depending
     *    on whether this date is { before, equal to, after } that date
     */
    public int compareTo(Date that) {
        if (this.year  < that.year)  return -1;
        if (this.year  > that.year)  return +1;
        if (this.month < that.month) return -1;
        if (this.month > that.month) return +1;
        if (this.day   < that.day)   return -1;
        if (this.day   > that.day)   return +1;
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * Return a string representation of this date.
     * @return the string representation in the foramt MM/DD/YYYY
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return month + "/" + day + "/" + year;
    }

    /**
     * Is this date equal to x?
     * @return true if this date equals x; false otherwise
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object x) {
        if (x == this) return true;
        if (x == null) return false;
        if (x.getClass() != this.getClass()) return false;
        Date that = (Date) x;
        return (this.month == that.month) && (this.day == that.day) && (this.year == that.year);
    }

    /**
     * Return a hash code.
     * @return a hash code for this date
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int hash = 17;
        hash = 31*hash + month;
        hash = 31*hash + day;
        hash = 31*hash + year;
        return hash;
    }

    /**
     * Unit tests the date data type.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date today = new Date(2, 25, 2004);
        StdOut.println(today);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            today = today.next();
            StdOut.println(today);
        }

        StdOut.println(today.isAfter(today.next()));
        StdOut.println(today.isAfter(today));
        StdOut.println(today.next().isAfter(today));


        Date birthday = new Date(10, 16, 1971);
        StdOut.println(birthday);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            birthday = birthday.next();
            StdOut.println(birthday);
        }
    }

}