import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.Date;

/**
* An example for an animation based on on convex combinations of
* control points of two objects (the letters D and C).
*
* @author Frank Klawonn
* Last change 04.02.2005
*/
public class DToCMorphing extends Frame
{

    //Constructor
    public DToCMorphing()
    {
        //Enables the closing of the window.
        addWindowListener(new MyFinishWindow());
    }


    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
        //Use of antialiasing to have nicer lines.
        g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        //The lines should have a thickness of 3.0 instead of 1.0.
        BasicStroke bs = new BasicStroke(5.0f);
        g2d.setStroke(bs);
        //Control points for the letter D.
        int[] xd = new int[6]; //The index 0 is not used.
        int[] yd = new int[6]; //The index 0 is not used.
        xd[1] =  50;
        yd[1] =  50;
        xd[2] =  50;
        yd[2] = 450;
        xd[3] = 400;
        yd[3] = 250;
        xd[4] =  50;
        yd[4] = 450;
        xd[5] =  50;
        yd[5] = 250;
        //Control points for the letter C.
        int[] xc = new int[6]; //The index 0 is not used.
        int[] yc = new int[6]; //The index 0 is not used.
        xc[1] =  50;
        yc[1] = 250;
        xc[2] = 250;
        yc[2] =  50;
        xc[3] =  50;
        yc[3] =  50;
        xc[4] =  250;
        yc[4] =  450;
        xc[5] =  50;
        yc[5] = 450;
        //Both letters are composed of two quadratic curves. The first curve has
        //the first, third and second as control points, the second curve the
        //first, fifth and fourth point.
        QuadCurve2D.Double q1;
        QuadCurve2D.Double q2;
        //Draw the letter D.
        q1 = new QuadCurve2D.Double(xd[1],yd[1],xd[3],yd[3],xd[2],yd[2]);
        q2 = new QuadCurve2D.Double(xd[1],yd[1],xd[5],yd[5],xd[4],yd[4]);
        g2d.draw(q1);
        g2d.draw(q2);
        //Wait 1 second before starting the transformation from D to C.
        sustain(1000);
        //ArraysC for the convex combinations of the control point of D and C
        double x[] = new double[xc.length];
        double y[] = new double[x.length];
        double alpha;
        //Number of steps (frames) that the transform from D to C should take.
        int steps = 500;
        double stepsDouble = steps; //Number of steps as a Double-value to avoid
        //repeated casting.
        for (int i=1; i<=steps; i++)
            {
                alpha = i/stepsDouble;
                //Computation of the convex combinations for the five pairs of points.
                for (int j=1; j<x.length; j++)
                    {
                        x[j] = (1-alpha)*xd[j] + alpha*xc[j];
                        y[j] = (1-alpha)*yd[j] + alpha*yc[j];
                    }
                //Generation of the two quadratic curves defined by the control points
                //given by the convex combinations.
                q1 = new QuadCurve2D.Double(x[1],y[1],x[3],y[3],x[2],y[2]);
                q2 = new QuadCurve2D.Double(x[1],y[1],x[5],y[5],x[4],y[4]);
                //Clear the window.
                clearWindow(g2d);
                //Draw the two quadratic curves.
                g2d.draw(q1);
                g2d.draw(q2);
                //A short waiting time until the next frame is drawn.
                sustain(10);
            }
    }




    /**
    * A method for clearing a window (drawing all white) of fixed size (600x300).
    *
    * @param g2d      Graphics2D object used for drawing.
    */
    public static void clearWindow(Graphics2D g)
    {
        g.setPaint(Color.white);
        g.fill(new Rectangle(0,0,270,470));
        g.setPaint(Color.black);
    }



    /**
    * A method for a delay of t milliseconds.
    * This method is used here only to keep the program simple.
    * This method involves active waiting, consuming unnecessary processor capicity.
    * For real applications threads should be used.
    *
    * @param t      Waiting time in milliseconds
    */
    public static void sustain(long t)
    {
        long finish = (new Date()).getTime() + t;
        while( (new Date()).getTime() < finish ) {}
    }



    public static void main(String[] argv)
    {
        DToCMorphing f = new DToCMorphing();
        f.setTitle("Transforming D -> C");
        f.setSize(270,470);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }

}